Introduction

The SQ3R Reading Method is a proven technique designed to enhance comprehension and retention of written material. Developed by educational psychologist Francis P. Robinson in the 1940s, this method breaks the reading process into five structured steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, and Review. Unlike passive reading, where the reader simply moves through the text, the SQ3R method encourages active engagement by prompting the reader to question, summarize, and recall key information. By following this approach, learners can improve their understanding of complex material, solidify long-term memory, and make more efficient use of their study time.

Whether you’re tackling a textbook, preparing for an exam, or simply seeking to deepen your understanding of a subject, the SQ3R method provides a systematic framework that makes reading a more focused and productive experience.

The SQ3R method, also known as SQRRR, is a reading comprehension technique named for its five steps:

  • Survey
  • Question
  • Read
  • Retrieve
  • Review

1. Survey (S)

The first step, Survey or Skim, advises that one should resist the temptation to read the text and instead first go through a chapter, noting headings, subheadings, and other standout features such as figures, tables, marginal information, and summary paragraphs. This survey step typically takes only 3–5 minutes but provides an outline or framework for what will be presented. The reader should identify ideas and formulate questions about the chapter’s content.


2. Question (Q)

Generate questions about the content of the reading. For example, convert headings and subheadings into questions and then look for answers in the text. Other, more general questions may also be formulated, such as:

  • What is this chapter about?
  • What question is this chapter trying to answer?
  • How does this information help me?

3. Read (R1)

Use the background work done in steps S and Q to start reading actively. This means reading with the purpose of answering the questions raised in Q. Passive reading, on the other hand, results in simply going through the material without engaging with it.


4. Retrieve (R2)

The second R refers to Retrieve. The reader should attempt to retrieve from memory what was learned, as though explaining it to someone else. It’s essential for the reader to use their own words to conceptualize and express the material. Try recalling key points (headings/subheadings) and answers to the questions from the Q step. This retrieval can be done either orally or in written form, and it relates to the testing effect, which enhances long-term retention.


5. Review (R3)

The final R is Review. After finishing the passage, review the material by summarizing the main points in your own words. You can then repeat the process for the second set of questions.

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Last updated 23 Oct 2024, 09:12 CEST . history